About the Artist

Arthur Jafa is an acclaimed filmmaker and artist based in New York. He is a crucial voice in a lineage of artists and filmmakers particularly concerned with the creation of a black aesthetics that liquid blackness has been studying since its inception in Fall 2013 when it co-hosted the L.A. Rebellion: Creating a New Black American Cinema film series with Emory’s Department of Film and Media Studies.

Since his groundbreaking work as the acclaimed cinematographer of Julie Dash’s Daughters of the Dust (1991), a film where he experimented with the possibility of instituting a specifically black aesthetic inspired by the cadence and the form of free jazz and black vocal intonation—what he calls a “black visual intonation”—Jafa has worked on Spike Lee’s Crooklyn  (1994), John Akomfrah’s Seven Songs for Malcolm X (1995), Stanley Kubrick’s Eyes Wide Shut (1999), and Ava DuVernay’s Selma (2014), among many others.

Concurrent with his filmmaking practice, Jafa has also worked as a conceptual artist. Turning more intensely towards installation practice, Jafa has been relentlessly researching the possibility of creating an authentically black visual aesthetics, which he models after the centrality of black music in American culture and life. Jafa is inspired in this quest by the way black musicians focused their collective genius toward operating within very specific constraints. Similarly, a black visual aesthetics for Jafa might become available when every technological, aesthetic, and methodological protocol used by dominant cinema is challenged and adapted to the specific socio-cultural conditions of American black life. Since the late 1990s, his work, research, and writing have focused on this possibility.

Jafa’s fine art practice has put his work in dialogue with acclaimed black artists and curators and some of the most prestigous art spaces in the world—his work was part of Okwui Enwezor’s Mirror’s Edge, which opened at the BildMusset, the University of Umeå in Sweden and traveled to the Vancouver Art Gallery, Canada; Castello di Rivoli, Turin, Italy; and Tramway, Glasgow, Scotland (1999). He has shown at Artists Space, New York (1999); Black Box, CCAC Institute, Oakland (2000); Media City, Seoul (2000); and at the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (2001). His work was included in Kara Walker’s exhibition Ruffneck Constructivists at the ICA Philadelphia and has been selected for the 2016 Made in L.A. Biennial at the Hammer Museum. In 2015, he presented APEX redacted, a public video installation for Flux Night in Atlanta. 

Arthur Jafa Now – Salient Works, Interviews and Resources since 2016
It has now become commonplace to divide Arthur Jafa’s artistic career into a before and after Love is the Message, The Message is Death (2016), in order to mark the extraordinary new visibility this world-famous installation has brought to his current and previous work. Yet this outcome has been a career-long labor and practice.

liquid blackness’s initial interest in Jafa was rooted in the study of his theories of black aesthetics that preceded, by roughly thirty years, the current visibility of his art practice and the ubiquity of his online interviews. We became particularly attentive to his concept of “Black Visual Intonation” because of the role that Larry Clark’s Passing Through (1977) had in originally inspiring it. We have continued to research the ways in which processes of music-making still act as models for black contemporary filmmaking’s pursuit of an increasing fluidity between experimental modes of film practice and the music video format. A straddling of the line between the art gallery and online spaces, and high art and popular culture.[1]

Second, we are invested in retrieving the work of the creative ensembles Jafa has been part of with formal and informal partners, such as TNEG partners Malik Sayeed and Elissa Blount Moorhead or Kahlil Joseph, among many others; with intellectual interlocutors such as Greg Tate, Fred Moten, Hortense Spillers, Saidiya Hartman, and countless others; and with numerous visual artists, such as Ming Smith, Frida Orupabo, and Missylanyus (intergenerational artists all part of the show A Series of Utterly Improbable, Yet Extraordinary Renditions), along with jazz musicians and performers such as Jason Moran, Steve Coleman, and Okwui Okpokwasili, to name just one instance in which Jafa “orchestrated” a performative/musical event as a deliberately “dismembered jazz ensemble.” Since Jafa’s visit in 2016, liquid blackness has continued to host artists that have been in more or less direct contact with what we have called the “Howard pedagogy lab,” i.e. the legacy of the mentorship of Haile Gerima at Howard University, such as Kahlil Joseph, Bradford Young, and Jenn Nkiru, and who have worked with/have been in conversation with Jafa in various capacities. More importantly, we know that for Jafa co-creation is a philosophical practice rooted in black sociality as he expresses in his email reply to Christina Sharpe’s reaction to a screening of Love is the Message, ahead of its official debut at Gavin Brown’s Enterprise.[2]

Third, Jafa is arguably one of the most vocal and insistent proponents of an ontological approach to black aesthetics. Of the inseparability between questions of black beauty and black being—a stance he announced back in his 2003 essay “My Black Death,” which we explored in our issue of the liquid blackness journal dedicated to “Black Ontology and the Love of Blackness.”[3]

 Finally, we are attentive to the ways the theoretical and critical concepts Jafa originated over the years—concepts such as “Black Visual Intonation,” the idea of black culture created in a “freefall,” the idea of “black potention,” which have been mobilized within an art practice that is specifically directed at black people while everybody else “gets to listen in”—have now become part of a popular critical vocabulary. Not only do they offer new ways to think about black expressive culture, but also challenge processes of art world evaluation and appreciation pitting them against the possibility for black artists to “self-authorize.” Reimagining the tension between tradition vs. innovation, appropriation vs. homage, singular vs. ensemblic authorship, and introduce new ways of thinking about the relationship between archives/collections/collectives.

This page does not attempt to be exhaustive; it only serves to collect Jafa’s main solo and group exhibitions; screenings/acquisitions of APEX, Dreams are Colder than Death, Love is the Message, the Message is Death; and his traveling show A Series of Utterly Improbable, Yet Extraordinary Renditions and The White Album (winner of the Golden Lion at the 58th Venice Bienniale). It will continue to be periodically updated.

[1] Alessandra Raengo and Lauren M. Cramer, eds., “In Focus: Music Video as Black Art,” Journal of Cinema and Media Studies 59 no. 2 (Winter 2020).

[2] Arthur Jafa and Elissa Blount Moorhead, “The Case for Nonsense,” Creative Time Summit, DC: Occupy The Future, October 14-16, 2016. http://creativetime.org/summit/dc-2016/

[3] Jafa, Arthur, “My Black Death,” in Everything but the burden: what white people are taking from Black culture, ed. Greg Tate (New York: Broadway Books, 2003), 245-257. burden: what white people are taking from Black culture, ed. Greg Tate (New York: Broadway Books, 2003), 245-257.

liquid blackness in Conversation with Arthur Jafa

SELECTED WORKS 

 Director

Kanye West’s Wash Us in the Blood, 2020

The White Album, 2018

akingdoncomethas, 2018

JAY-Z 4:44, 2017*

Love is the Message, the Message is Death, 2016

New Soul Rebel Adrian Younge, 2015*

Sharifa Walks, 2015*

Dreams are Colder than Death, 2013*

APEX, 2013

Deshotten 1.0, 2009*

Tree, 1999

Smile, 1996

Slowly This (Short), 1995

Until with Isaach de Bankole, 1995

Considerations, 1982

*TNEG Projects 

Cinematography

Happy Birthday Marsha2018

Cranes in the Sky, 2017

Don’t Touch My Hair, 2017

Florida Water, 2014

In the Morning, 2014 (also produced)

Florida Water, 2014

Dreams Are Colder Than Death, 2014 (also produced)

Head and Hands: My Black Angel (Short), 2013

Nine for IX (TV Series documentary) (1 episode), 2013

— “Venus vs.” (2013)

Independent Lens (TV Series documentary) (1 episode), 2013

— “Soul Food Junkies” (2013)

The Start Up, 2013

Independent Lens, 2013

Nine for IX, 2013

Head and Hands: My Black Angel, 2013

Roomieloverfriends(TV Series), 2012

Shadows of Liberty, 2012

William Lynch: Bible Stories (Short), 2009 (also produced)

Meet the Eye (Short), 2009

AfterLife (Short), 2007

Conakry Kas, 2004

Bamako Sigi-Kan, 2003

I Am Ali (Short), 2002

American Experience(TV Series documentary) (2 episodes), 1991—2001

— “Marcus Garvey: Look for Me in the Whirlwind” (2001)

— “The Massachusetts 54th Colored Infantry” (1991)         

American Masters (TV Series) (1 episode), 1996

— “Lena Horne: In Her Own Voice” (1996)

W.E.B. DuBois: A Biography in Four Voices, 1996

Rouch in Reverse, 1995

A Litany for Survival: The Life and Work of Audre Lorde, 1995

Untilwith Isaach de Bankole, 1995

Crooklyn, 1994

The Darker Side of Black, 1994

Seven Songs for Malcolm X, 1993

Daughters of the Dust, 1991 (also produced)

Other

Spirits of Rebellion: Black Film at UCLA, 2001 – appears as himself

Fahrenheit 9/11, 2004, thanks

Flag Wars, 2003 - visual advisor       

Black America: Facing the Millennium(TV Movie documentary), 1991 - producer

MAIN EXHIBITIONS AND SCREENINGS

 Love is the Message, the Message Is Death

For 48 hours (June 26-28) the film streamed online on the website of 13 art institutions around the world. The simulcast was organized by the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden and the Smithsonian American Art Museum. Other participating institutions:

  • The Dallas Museum of Art

  • The Glenstone Museum

  • The High Museum of Art

  • The Museum of Contemporary Art Los Angeles

  • The Studio Museum in Harlem

  • The Tate

  • The Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam

  • The Palazzo Grassi

  • The Punta della Dogana

  • The Julia Stoschek Collection

  • Luma Arles and Luma Westbau

Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humblebæk, Denmark, November 19, 2020 – February 28, 2021

Musee d’art contemporain de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, January 3, 2020 – August 1, 2020

Elements of Vogue: Un Caso De Estudio De Performance Radical, [Museo Universitario Del Chopo],  November 15, 2019 – March 7, 2020

“The Hidden Pulse in collaboration with M+, Love is the Message, the Message is Death,” Screening, The Playhouse Theatre, Sydney Opera House, Sydney, Australia, May 30, 2019

Palazzo Madama, Turin, Italy, March 11, 2019

Prisoner of Love, MCA, Chicago, IL, January 26 – October 20, 2019

Tate, Liverpool, United Kingdom, March 29 – May 12, 2019

PAMM, Miami, FL, August 30, 2018 – April 21, 2019

Luma Westbau, Zurich, Switzerland, October 12, 2018 –January 13, 2019

ICA Boston, Boston, MA, June 27 – Sept 30, 2018

Gavin Brown’s Enterprise, Rome, San’t Andrea De Scaphis, Rome, Italy, March 13, 2018 – April 14, 2018

Nothing Stable Under Heaven, SFMOMA, San Francisco, CA, March 3 – September 16, 2018

MCA Denver, Denver, CO, February 2–May 13, 2018

Davidson College Art Museum, Davidson, NC, January 25, 2018 – March 03, 2018

Elements of Vogue. A Case Study of Radical PerformanceCA2M, Madrid, Spain, November 17, 2017 – May 6, 2018

Hirshhorn Museum, November 17, 2017

180 The Strand, London, London, United Kingdom, October 5, 2017 – December 14, 2017*

LUMA Foundation, Arles, France, 2017

MOCA, Detroit, September 21, 2017 – October 22, 2017

MOCA, LA, April 2 – June 12, 2017

Gavin Brown’s Enterprise Harlem, Nov. 12, 2016 – Jan 28, 2017

Love is the Message and the Message in Permanent Collections

SFMOMA 

High Museum of Art 

Smithsonian-Hirshhorn 

MCA Chicago

Met Breuer

*Love is the Message had an extended run at the Store 180 Strand screened in a tent meant to evoke the Baptist churches of the American South.

 

A Series of Utterly Improbable, Yet Extraordinary Renditions

Museu Serralves, Porto, Portugal (upcoming)

Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden, June 29- August 9, 2019

Galerie Rudolfinum, Prague, Czech Republic, January 17 – March 31, 2019

Julia Stoschek Collection, Collection, Berlin, February 11 – November 25, 2018

Serpentine Sackler Gallery, London, United Kingdom, June 8 – Sept 10, 2017*

*Concluded with a musical event featuring Okwui Okpokwasili,  Jason Moran and Steve Coleman

 

APEX

Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands, August 29, 2020 through January 3, 2021

MOMA, New York City, NY

APEX GRID, part of Air Above Mountains, Gavin Brown Enterprise, New York City, NY 2018

LUMA Arles, Arles, France, July 02,2018 – November 04, 2018

APEX redacted, Flux Night, Atlanta, GA, November 7, 2015

 

APEX inPermanent Collections

SFMOMA

 

Arthur Jafa: Air Above Mountains, Unknown Pleasures 

Gavin Brown’s Enterprise, New York City, NY, May 4 – June 10, 2018

 

White Album

Screening, Purple Garden Cinema, The Underground Museum, Los Angeles, CA, July 12, 2019

Arthur Jafa/Matrix 272, (featuring The White Album)commissioned by BAMPFA, Berkley, CA, December 12, 2018 – March 24, 2019

Other Exhibitions

Black Album/White Cube, Kunsthal Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands, June 20, 2020 – January 10, 2021

Nirin Naarm, Australian Centre for Contemporary Art, September 28 – November 8, 2020

UNTITLED, 2020, Punta della Dogana, Venice, Italy, March 22, 2020 – December 13, 2020

A Sculpture, a Film and Six Videos, Wesleyan University Center for the Arts, Middletown, Connecticut, September 8 – November 22, 2020

Arthur Jafa Solo Exhibition, Contemporary Art Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania, July 10 – August 30, 2020

Paul Pfeiffer / Washington D.C.: Exodus, Bortolami Gallery, Watergate Office Building, Washington D.C., October 26, 2019 – January 25, 2020

Surrounds 11 Installations, MOMA, New York City, NY, October 21, 2019 – January 4, 2020

Tell me about yesterday tomorrow, Munich Documentation Centre for the History of National Socialism, Munich, Germany, November 28, 2019 – August 30, 2020

Forever Young – 10 Years Museum Brandhorst, Museum Brandhorst, Munich, Germany, May 24, 2019 – April 2020

Hyper! A Journey Into Art And Music, Group Expo, Hamburg, Germany, March 1, 2019 – August 4, 2019

Ebsplloitation, Group Expo, Martos Gallery, New York City, NY, June 21 – August 3, 2018

 May You Live In Interesting Times [58th Venice Biennale], Group Expo, Venice, Italy May 11 – November 24, 2019

Another Music In a Different Kitchen: Studio Recordings & Records by Artists, Group Expo, Karma Gallery, New York City, NY, April 7 – May 12, 2019

“Conversation and Screening in Conjunction with Medicine for a Nightmare,” Screening, Kunstnernes Hus, Oslo, Norway, March 21, 2019

Medicine for a Nightmare, ft. Frida Orupabo, Oslo, Norway, March 1, 2019 – April 21, 2019

“Affective Proximity: Films by Arthur Jafa and Others; Conversation with Arthur Jafa and Greg Tate,” Screening, BAMPFA, Berkeley, CA, February 28, 2019

“Dreamweavers,” Group Expo, UTA Artist Space, Los Angeles, CA, February 13, 2019 – April 13, 2019 

True Luxury: Art Acquisitions 2012-2018, Group Expo, Stedeliijk Museum, Amesterdam, Netherlands, September 22, 2018 – March 3, 2019

Arthur Jafa: Air Above Mountains, Unknown Pleasures, Gavin Brown’s Enterprise, New York City, NY, May 4 – June 10, 2018

Truth: 24 frames per second, Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX, October 22, 2017 – January 28, 2018

“Carrie Mae Weems: The Shape of Things,” Screening, Park Avenue Armory, New York City, NY, December 17, 2017

“AFROGLOSSIA Film Program,” Performa 17, New York City, NY, November 6, 2017

The Body Politic: Video from the Met Collection, Met Breuer, New York City, NY, June 20, 2017 – September 3, 2017

“Dreams are Colder than Death,” “APEX_scenario,” “Cassowary: Mechanics of Empathy,” “Considerations,” Screenings, Brooklyn Academy of Music, Brooklyn, NY March 28, 2017

“Arthur Jafa and Manohla Dargis: A Screening and Conversation,” SUNY Purchase, New York City, NY, February 28, 2016

Ruffneck Constructivists, Group Expo, ft. Deshotten 1.0 by Arthur Jafa and Malik Sayeed, Curated by Kara Walker, Brooklyn, NY, February 12, 2014 – August 17, 2014

The Whole World is Rotten: Free Radicals and the Gold Coast Slave Castles of Paa Joe, Group Expo, Jack Shainman Gallery, New York City, NY, February 10, 2005 – March 12, 2005

Double Consciousness: Black Conceptual Art since 1970, Group Expo, Contemporary Arts Museum, Houston, TX, January 22, 2005 – April 17, 2005

Black Belt, Group Expo, Studio Museum in Harlem, New York City, NY, 2003

My Black Death, Solo Exhibition, artspace International Artist-In-Residence Program, San Antonio, TX, Summer 2002

Social Formal, Group Expo, Westfälischer Kunstveren, Münster, Germany, 2002

Bitstreams, Group Expo, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City, NY, 2001

City Vision, Group Expo, Media City, Seoul, South Korea, 2000

2000 Whitney Biennale, Group Expo, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City, NY, 2000

Black Box, Group Expo, Oliver Art Center, California College of the Arts, Oakland, CA, 2000

Mirror’s Edge, Group Expo, BildMuseet, Umea, Sweden, 1999

Artists Select, Group Expo, Artists Space, New York City, NY, 1999

AWARDS

Golden Lion Award, 58th Venice Biennale, 2019

Prix International d’Art Contemporain, Prince Pierre Foundation, 2019

Herb Alpert Award, 2018

Paul Robeson Award, Actor’s Equity Association, 2017

Best Documentary, Black Star Film Festival, Dreams are Colder than Death, 2013

Cinematography Award, Sundance Film Festival, Daughters of the Dust, 1992

 

REVIEWS

 Love is the Message, The Message is Death

Smithsonian American Art Museum.  “Responding to Arthur Jafa’s Love is the Message, the Message is Death.”  July 15, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=2&v=h5Wc7ANN6ww&feature=emb_logo

Elmalik, Atheel.  “Love is the Message, The Message is Death Roundtable II.”  Roundtable discussion with Tina Campt, Simone White, Aria Dean, Isis Pickins, and Rashaad Newsome.”  June 28, 2020.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0tSyUMCnxo&feature=emb_logo

Elmalik, Atheel.  “Love is the Message, The Message is Death Roundtable.”  Roundtable discussion with Tina Campt, Elleza Kelley, Peter L’Offcial, Thomas Lax, and Josh Begley.  June 27, 2020.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=391&v=tobLx14wHz0&feature=emb_logo

Kalai, Leonidas.  “Arthur Jafa: Love Is The Message, The Message Is Death review.”  Art Critique.  June 27, 2020. https://www.art-critique.com/en/2020/06/arthur-jafa-love-is-the-message-the-message-is-death-review/

L’Official, Peter. “The Visual Frequency of Black Life.” The Paris Review, July 12, 2018. https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2018/07/12/the-visual-frequency-of-black-life/

Copeland, Huey. “Love is the Message, The Message is Death.” ASAP Journal, June 4, 2018. http://asapjournal.com/love-is-the-message-the-message-is-death-huey-copeland/

Freeman, Nate. “The Messenger: How a Video by Arthur Jafa Became a Worldwide Sensation—and Described America to Itself.” ARTnews, March 27, 2018. https://www.artnews.com/art-news/artists/icons-arthur-jafa-9971/

Hornaday, Ann. “Filmmaker Arthur Jafa makes his Hirshorn debut with a stunning video installation.” Washington Post, November 15, 2017. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/filmmaker-arthur-jafa-makes-his-hirshhorn-debut-with-a-stunning-video-installation/2017/11/15/77337900-ca0f-11e7-8321-481fd63f174d_story.html

Frankel, Eddie. “Arthur Jafa: Love is the Message, The Message Is Death review.” Time Out, October 5, 2017. https://www.timeout.com/london/art/arthur-jafa-love-is-the-message-the-message-is-death-454review

Collymore, Nan. “Love is the Message.” C&, July 10, 2017. https://www.contemporaryand.com/magazines/love-is-the-message/

Dean, Aria. “Film: Worry The Image.” Art in America, May 26, 2017. https://www.artnews.com/art-in-america/features/worry-the-image-63266/

Molesworth, Helen. “Arthur Jafa, Love is the Message, The Message is Death.” MOCA, April, 2017. https://www.moca.org/arthurjafaessay

Gat, Orit. “Reviews / Arthur Jafa.” Frieze, January 22, 2017. https://frieze.com/article/arthur-jafa

Scott, Andrea K. “Arthur Jafa’s Crucial Ode to Black America.” The New Yorker, January 12, 2017. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/01/23/arthur-jafas-crucial-ode-to-black-america

Haslett, Tobi. “Object Lessons.” ArtForum, December 9, 2016. https://www.artforum.com/film/tobi-haslett-on-arthur-jafa-s-love-is-the-message-the-message-is-death-65183

New York Art Beat. “Arthur Jafa ‘Love is The Message, The Message Is Death.’” NY Art Beat. http://www.nyartbeat.com/event/2016/8D11

 

A Series of utterly Improbable, Yet Extraordinary Renditions

Stamler, Hannah. “Arthur Jafa:  A Series of Utterly Improbable, Yet Extraordinary Renditions.” Brooklyn Rail, November 2018. https://brooklynrail.org/2018/11/artseen/Arthur-Jafa-A-Series-of-Utterly-Improbable-Yet-Extraordinary-Renditions

Scrimgeour, Alexander. “Arthur Jafa at Julia Stoschek Collection.” Spike Art Magazine, October 29, 2018. https://www.spikeartmagazine.com/en/articles/arthur-jafa-julia-stoschek-collection?page=20

Speed, Mitch. “Worrying the Note: A German Stage for Arthur Jafa’s Black American Chorus.” Momus, July 25, 2018. https://momus.ca/worrying-the-note-a-german-stage-for-arthur-jafas-black-american-chorus/

L’Official, Peter. “The Visual Frequency of Black Life.” The Paris Review, July 12, 2018. https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2018/07/12/the-visual-frequency-of-black-life/

Charlesworth, J.J. “Arthur Jafa A Series of Utterly Improbable, Yet Extraordinary Renditions.” ArtReview, October 2017. https://artreview.com/reviews/ar_october_2017_review_arthur_jafa/

Jones, Eliel. “A Series of Utterly Improbable, Yet Extraordinary Renditions.” MAP Magazine, July 2017. https://mapmagazine.co.uk/series-utterly-improbable-yet-extraordinary-rendit

Fite-Wassilak, Chris. “Arthur Jafa: What We Don’t See.” Word Press, February 2, 2017. https://cfitewassilak.wordpress.com/2017/12/02/arthur-jafa-what-we-dont-see/

 

The White Album

Fancher, Lou. “Arthur Jafa brings ‘White Album’ and unique take on race to Berkeley.” Johnson & Fancher Inc. http://johnsonandfancher.weebly.com/filmmaker-jafas-white-album.html

Singer, Fanny. “Arthur Jafa’s “The White Album”.” Art-Agenda, March 20, 2019. https://www.art-agenda.com/features/259117/arthur-jafa-s-the-white-album

Little, Colony. “In ‘The White Album,’ Arthur Jafa Invents a New Film Language to Take on the Clichés of Empathy.” Artnetnews, January 25, 2019. https://news.artnet.com/exhibitions/arthur-jafa-white-album-1448167

 

Air Above Mountains, Unknown Pleasures

Fernandex, Mariana. “Arthur Jafa’s Unbridled View of Black America.” BESE, June 12, 2018. https://www.bese.com/arthur-jafas-unbridled-view-of-black-america/

 “Exhibition Review: Air Above Mountains, Unknown Pleasures.” Musee, June 7, 2018. https://museemagazine.com/culture/2018/6/7/exhibition-review-air-above-mountains-unknown-pleasures

Tate, Greg. “Arthur Jafa at Gavin Brown.” Contemporary Art Daily, June 6, 2018. https://www.contemporaryartdaily.com/2018/06/arthur-jafa-at-gavin-brown/

Mitter, Siddartha. “Arthur Jafa Taps Into the Underground Current Blacknuss.” Village Voice, May 25, 2018. https://www.villagevoice.com/2018/05/25/arthur-jafa-taps-into-the-underground-current-of-blacknuss/

Kane, Ashleigh. “Arthur Jafa embodies one of the US’s earliest known trans women in new show.” Dazed, May 24, 2018. https://www.dazeddigital.com/art-photography/article/40121/1/arthur-jafa-air-above-mountains-unknown-pleasures-gavin-brown-s-enterprise

Smith, Roberta. “Arthur Jafa’s Profound Meditations on Black America.” The New York Times, May 17, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/17/arts/design/arthur-jafa-review-gavin-browns-enterprise.html

 

APEX

Poynor, Rick. “Twisting the alien.” Eye magazine, September 25, 2018. http://www.eyemagazine.com/opinion/article/twisting-the-alien

“Arthur Jafa “APEX”, Amar Kanwar “Such a Morning” and Pipilotti Rist “Pixel Forest” and Lily Gavin “A Story with Vincent” at Luma, Arles.” Mousse Magazine, 2018. http://moussemagazine.it/arthur-jafa-apex-amar-kanwar-morning-pipilotti-rist-pixel-forest-luma-arles-2018/

 

Dreams are Colder than Death

Mu’min, Nijla. “LAFF Review: Arthur Jafa Conducts Multilayered Exploration of Blackness in ‘Dreams are Colder than Death.” Shadow and Act, April 20, 2017. https://shadowandact.com/laff-review-arthur-jafa-conducts-multilayered-exploration-of-blackness-in-dreams-are-colder-than-death

 

Medicine for a Nightmare Collab Exhibition(ft. Love is the Message)

Lynne, Jessica. “Fride Orupabo & Arthur Jafa: Medicine for a Nightmare.” The Brooklyn Rail, April 2019. https://brooklynrail.org/2019/04/artseen/Frida-Orupabo-Arthur-Jafa-Medicine-for-a-Nightmare

Khanna, Shama. “Frida Orupabo and Arthur Jafa – Medicine for a Nightmare.” Afterall, March 7, 2019. https://www.afterall.org/online/frida-orupabo-and-arthur-jafa-medicine-for-a-nightmare

 

Ruffneck Constructivists Group Expo (ft. Deshotten 1.0)

Gerwin, Daniel. “Deconstructing an Artist’s Dubious Claim.” HyperAllergic, August 14, 2014. https://hyperallergic.com/143477/deconstructing-an-artists-dubious-claim/

Newhall, Edith. “’Ruffneck Constructivists’ at Institute of Contemporary Art.” ARTnews, July 30, 2014. https://www.artnews.com/art-news/reviews/ruffneck-constructivists-2548/

 

Nothing Stable Under HeavenGroup Expo (ft. Love is the Message)

Ross Muchnick, Justin. “Nothing Stable under Heaven at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.” NECSUS, November 23, 2018. https://necsus-ejms.org/nothing-stable-under-heaven-at-the-san-francisco-museum-of-modern-art/

Wash Us in the Blood (Kanye West Music Video)

Beaumont-Thomas, Ben. “Kanye West: Wash Us in the Blood – an intensely potent study of race and faith.” The Guardian. June 30, 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/jun/30/kanye-west-wash-us-in-the-blood-review-new-track

Adjei-Kontoh, Hubert. “Wash Us in the Blood.” The Pitchfork. June 30, 2020. https://pitchfork.com/reviews/tracks/kanye-west-wash-us-in-the-blood-ft-travis-scott/

Other Reviews & Articles

Nyong’o, Tavia.  “Arthur Jafa’s Glorious Vision and Kanye West’s Gilded Faith.”  Georgia Public Broadcasting.  July 8, 2020.  https://www.gpb.org/news/2020/07/08/arthur-jafas-glorious-vision-and-kanye-wests-gilded-faith

Ingram, Marielle.  “Contracirculation: On rewriting the terms of engagement with images of Black suffering.”  Real Life.  June 29, 2020.  https://reallifemag.com/contracirculation/

Malavassi, Paola. “Arthur Jafa. Face It: The “Affective Proximity” of Imagery.” Flash Art. March 2, 2020. https://flash---art.com/article/arthur-jafa-face-it-the-affective-proximity-of-imagery/

Da Costa, Cassie.  “The Profound Power of the New Solange Videos.”  The New Yorker.  October 24, 2016. https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-profound-power-of-the-new-solange-videos

Selected News

Smithsonian American Art Museum, Artist Arthur Jafa’s Renowned “Love is the Message, The Message is Death” To Be Streamed Continously Online for the First Time, June 26-28.  June 24, 2020. https://americanart.si.edu/press/arthur-jafa-video-stream

INTERVIEWS AND SCHOLARSHIP 

 Talks and Presentations 

Scholl Lecture Series: Arthur Jafa.” Youtube, uploaded by Perez Art Museum Miami, January 23, 2020.

The Ecstatic Message: Talking Music and Moving Image Art with Ja’Tovia Gary and Arthur Jafa,” Smithsonian American Art Museum, October 12, 2019.  

On Set | Arthur Jafa.” Youtube, uploaded by TSingapore, August 19, 2019. 

Amira Gad on Arthur Jafa | Lecture.” Youtube, uploaded by Moderna Museet, July 23, 2019.

Saidiya Hartman & Arthur Jafa.” Youtube, uploaded by Hammer Museum, June 10, 2019.  

Biennale Arte 2019 – Arthur Jafa.” Youtube, uploaded by Biennale Channel, May 28, 2019.  

Arthur Jafa Interview: Not All Good, Not All Bad.” Youtube, uploaded by Louisiana Channel, May 23, 2019.  

Meet Arthur Jafa, Solange and Spike Lee collaborator.” Youtube, uploaded by Sydney Opera House, May 12, 2019.  

Artist Talk with Arthur Jafa: A Series of Utterly Improbably, Yet Extraordinary Renditions.” Youtube, uploaded by American Academy in Berlin, April 3, 2019. 

Artist Talk: Arthur Jafa & Jörg Heiser, Jsc Berlin, 12 February 2018” Youtube, uploaded on February 27, 2019.  

 “Arthur Jafa & Isis Pickens in conversation on Spirituality In Contemporary Black Life.” Vimeo, uploaded by gavinbrown, 2018.  

Artist Talk with Arthur Jafa: A Series of Utterly Improbable, Yet Extraordinary Renditions.” The American Academy in Berlin, December 17, 2018.  

Artist Talk: Arthur Jafa.” Vimeo, uploaded by Luma Foundation, December 15, 2018.

 “In Conversation: Arthur Jafa and Stephen Best.” Youtube, uploaded by BAMPFA, December 14, 2018.  

Therme Forum: ‘Back to the Body: Human-Oriented Forms in Art, Design, and Architecture’/ Presented by Therme Group.” Vimeo, uploaded by Therme Art, December 6, 2018.

Arthur Jafa – APEX (Interview).” Youtube, uploaded by Luma Arles, September 18, 2018.  

Love is the Message: An Evening with Arthur Jafa.” Youtube, uploaded by Hirshorn, March 16, 2018. 

 “Arthur Jafa in Conversation with Amy Taubin.” Youtube, uploaded by SVA MFA Photo Video, January 25, 2018.  

Artist’s Influencers | Arthur Jafa and Jason Moran.” Youtube, uploaded by Art Basel, December 20, 2017.  

Black Peoples Funk – The Thing About…Art & Artists – Arthur Jafa.” Youtube, uploaded by The Thing About, December 13, 2017.  

Arthur Jafa on the works of Kahlil Joseph, with curator Natalie Bell.” New Museum, December 10, 2017.  

In Your Face: Interview – Arthur Jafa.” Youtube, uploaded by SHOWstudio, November 24, 2017.  

Arthur Jafa Speaks about Black Artists.” Youtube, uploaded by Judith Benhamou-Huet Reports, November 22, 2017,  

Artist Talk: Arthur Jafa.” Youtube, uploaded by Museaum of Contemporary Art Detroit – MOCAD, October 4, 2017.

Kahlil Joseph & Arthur Jafa: In Conversation | Tate Talks.” Youtube, uploaded by Tate Talks, August 10, 2017.

Arthur Jafa: A Series of Utterly Improbable, Yet Extraordinary Renditions.” Youtube, uploaded by Serpentine Galleries, July 5, 2017.  

Arthur Jafa and Greg Tate.” Youtube, uploaded by Hammer Museum, July 5, 2017  

Arthur Jafa and Helen Molesworth in Conversation.” Youtube, uploaded by MOCA, April 11, 2017.

Arthur jafa – apex (extract).” Youtube, uploaded by advalt, February 10, 2017, 

Kerry James Marshall—A Creative Convening, Morning Session.” The Met, January 20, 2017. https://www.metmuseum.org/metmedia/video/lectures/kerry-james-marshall-creative-convening-morning

Dream are Colder than Death: Screening & Talk with Arthur Jafa.” BCRW, September 8, 2016.  

MIT Program in Art, Culture and Technology. “Arthur Jafa, APEX_TNEG, February 25, 2013” Experiments in Thinking, Action, and Form: Cinematic Migrations Seminar. Youtube. Youtube 20, Jan 2016 (Approx. Length 1hr 50min)

MIT Program in Art, Culture and Technology. “Laura Marks, Arthur Jafa, Cinematic Migrations, March 7, 2014” Youtube. Youtube 20, Jan. 2016 (Approx. Length: 1hr 13min. Starts at 1:15:00)

Reelblack. “On Advancing A Black Aesthetic” Conversation between Arthur Jafa and Hans L. Charles. 2014 Blackstar Film Festival. Online video clip. Youtube. YouTube, 26 Oct. 2015. (Approx. Length: 22min)

Jada Nycole. “Arthur Jafa” Arthur Jafa visits Spelman College. Introduced by Aku Kadogo with Spelman’s Collaborative Arts Class. Atlanta, Georgia Youtube. Youtube 5, Oct. 2015

Part 1 (Length: 9m 13 sec)

Part 2 (Length: 9m 13 sec)

Part 3 (Length: 9m 14 sec)

Part 4 (Length: 9m 13 sec)

Part 5 (Length: 9m 13 sec)

Part 6 (Length: 5m 25 sec)

The New School. “bell hooks and Arthur Jafa Discuss Transgression in Public Spaces at The New School” The New School for Liberal Arts, New York Youtube. Youtube, 16, Oct. 2014. (Approx. Length 1hr 23min)

Deebeezy’s Channel. “Arthur Jafa on Michael Jackson” After the Dance: Conversations on Michael Jackson’s Black America. Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York June 5, 2010. Youtube. Youtube 6, June 2010

Arthur Jafa on Michael Jackson as Self-Loather, Shape Shifter & Classically Black (Length: 7min 31 sec)

Arthur Jafa on The Impact of Michael Jackson’s Isolation From the Black Community (Length: 4min 25 sec)

 

Print Interviews

Simonini, Ross. “An Interview with Arthur Jafa.” The Believer. June 1, 2020. https://believermag.com/an-interview-with-arthur-jafa/

Acyde and Tremaine Emory. “All Love: Arthur Jafa in Conversation.” The Face. March 5, 2020. https://theface.com/audio/arthur-jafa-podcast-acyde-tremaine-emory-volume-4-issue-3

Blythe, Finn.  “Arthur Jafa on his groundbreaking film Love Is the Message, the Message Is Death, three years on.”  Another Man.  November 12, 2019.  https://www.anothermanmag.com/life-culture/11008/arthur-jafa-love-is-the-message-death-artwork-film-2016-interview

Parker, Morgan. “Between Stillness: Arthur Jafa and the Cinematic Revolution.” Cultured, September 25, 2019. https://www.culturedmag.com/arthur-jafa/

i-D Staff. “listen in on a phone call between Virgil Abloh and Arthur Jafa.” Vice, September 16, 2019. https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/43k37p/virgil-abloh-arthur-jafa-interview-the-post-truth-truth-issue

Public Delivery. “Arthur Jafa: Love Is The Message, The Message Is Death.” Public Delivery, August 31, 2019. https://publicdelivery.org/arthur-jafa-love-is-the-message/

Ozuna, Tony. “Black Beauties—Arthur Jafa at the 58th Venice Art Biennale, 2019.” Jazz in Europe, August 19, 2019. https://jazzineurope.mfmmedia.nl/2019/08/black-beauties-arthur-jafa-at-the-58th-venice-art-biennale-2019/

O’Grady, Megan. “Arthur Jafa in Bloom.” New York Times, August 14, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/14/t-magazine/arthur-jafa-in-bloom.html

Kale, Neha. “Arthur Jafa: ‘I’m not going to decentre blackness in my work’.” The Sydney Morning Herald, May 17, 2019. https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/art-and-design/arthur-jafa-i-m-not-going-to-decentre-blackness-in-my-work-20190513-p51ms3.html

Rees, Sarah. “For Arthur Jafa, Black art is the heart of America.” Sydney Opera House, May 11, 2019. https://www.sydneyoperahouse.com/backstage/art/arthur-jafa-interview-black-art-heart-of-america.html

Cielatkowska, Zofia. “Affecting the Body.” Kunstkritikk, April 11, 2019. https://kunstkritikk.com/affecting-the-body/

Hotchkiss, Sarah. “Arthur Jafa Does Not Want to Be Known as 'The Found Footage Guy'.” KQED, February 21, 2019. https://www.kqed.org/arts/13851306/arthur-jafa-does-not-want-to-be-known-as-the-found-footage-guy

Fancher, Lou. “Arthur Jafa brings ‘White Album’ and unique take on race to Berkeley.” The Mercury News, January 15, 2019. https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/01/15/arthur-jafa-brings-white-album-and-unique-take-on-race-to-berkeley/

Yu, Brandon. “Arthur Jafa’s New Work Continues to Examine the Dynamics of Race.” East Bay Express, December 12, 2018. https://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/arthur-jafas-new-work-continues-to-examine-the-dynamics-of-race/Content?oid=23672129

Gebreyesus, Ruth. “Why the film-maker behind Love Is the Message is turning his lens to whiteness.” The Guardian, December 11, 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/dec/11/arthur-jafa-video-artist-love-is-the-message

Kane, Ashleigh. “Arthur Jafa embodies one of the US’s earliest known trans women in new show.” Dazed, May 24, 2018. https://www.dazeddigital.com/art-photography/article/40121/1/arthur-jafa-air-above-mountains-unknown-pleasures-gavin-brown-s-enterprise

Bueti, Federica. “Arthur Jafa at Julia Stschek Collection, Berlin: Viewpoint.” Ocula Magazine. Ocula, May 17, 2018. https://ocula.com/magazine/reports/in-focus-arthur-jafa-at-julia-stoschek-collec/?auth=req

1.4. “In conversation with Arthur Jafa.” 1.4, April 27, 2018. https://www.onepointfour.co/2018/04/27/in-conversation-with-arthur-jafa/

Freeman, Nate. “The Messenger: How a Video by Arthur Jafa Became a Worldwide Sensation—and Described America to Itself.” ARTnews, March 27, 2018. https://www.artnews.com/art-news/artists/icons-arthur-jafa-9971/

Clayton, Jace. “As Brilliant as the Sun.” Frieze, February 22, 2018. https://frieze.com/article/brilliant-sun

Brown, Kate. “‘Black People Figured Out How to Make Culture in Freefall’: Arthur Jafa on the Creative Power of Melancholy.” Artnet, February 21, 2018. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/arthur-jafa-julia-stoschek-collection-1227422

Lopez-Sanchez, Jose. “BYT Interviews: Arthur Jafa.” Brightest Young Things, November 15, 2017. https://brightestyoungthings.com/articles/byt-interviews-arthur-jafa

Da Costa, Cassie. “Interview: Arthur Jafa.” Film Comment, May 8, 2017. https://www.filmcomment.com/blog/interview-arthur-jafa/

Shadow and Act. “Blackstar 2015: Arthur Jafa & Elissa Blount-Moorhead Talk TNEG, Their Recently-Launched Production Studio.” Shadow and Act, April 20, 2017. https://shadowandact.com/blackstar-2015-arthur-jafa-elissa-blount-moorhead-talk-tneg-their-recently-launched-production-studio/

Campt, Tina. “Love is the Message, The Plan is Death.” E-flux, April, 2017. https://www.e-flux.com/journal/81/126451/love-is-the-message-the-plan-is-death/

Daderko, Dean. “III Suns” Arthur Jafa and Sondra Perry.” Mousse Magazine, February-March, 2017. http://moussemagazine.it/arthur-jafa-sondra-perry-dean-daderko-2017/

Sergeant, Antwaun. “Arthur Jafa and the Future of Black Cinema.” Interview Magazine, January 11, 2017. https://www.interviewmagazine.com/art/arthur-jafa

 

Video Interviews

“Virtual Studio Visits: Klaus Biesenbach in Conversation with Arthur Jafa.”  Youtube, uploaded by MOCA, July 11, 2020.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrUj2sO0Jdw

“Scholl Lecture Series: Arthur Jafa.” Youtube, uploaded by Perez Art Museum Miami, January 23, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnXCHVy6CGU

“The Ecstatic Message: Talking Music and Moving Image Art with Ja’Tovia Gary and Arthur Jafa,” Smithsonian American Art Museum, October 12, 2019. https://americanart.si.edu/videos/ecstatic-message-talking-music-and-moving-image-art-artists-jatovia-gary-and-arthur-jafa

“On Set | Arthur Jafa.” Youtube, uploaded by TSingapore, August 19, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLxbK2DruKM

“Amira Gad on Arthur Jafa | Lecture.” Youtube, uploaded by Moderna Museet, July 23, 2019., https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aiSX4WtTHQk

“Saidiya Hartman & Arthur Jafa.” Youtube, uploaded by Hammer Museum, June 10, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YGxZQ3Py4-A

“Biennale Arte 2019 – Arthur Jafa.” Youtube, uploaded by Biennale Channel, May 28, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sz_FJi2lhck

“Arthur Jafa Interview: Not All Good, Not All Bad.” Youtube, uploaded by Louisiana Channel, May 23, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iprTrTgXvZ8

“Meet Arthur Jafa, Solange and Spike Lee collaborator.” Youtube, uploaded by Sydney Opera House, May 12, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=su48ngKNpwc

“Artist Talk with Arthur Jafa: A Series of Utterly Improbably, Yet Extraordinary Renditions.” Youtube, uploaded by American Academy in Berlin, April 3, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xh_j1ahLzwI

“ARTIST TALK: ARTHUR JAFA & JÖRG HEISER, JSC BERLIN, 12 FEBRUARY 2018” Youtube, uploaded on February 27, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7J2KuNKLHmA

 “Arthur Jafa & Isis Pickens in conversation on Spirituality In Contemporary Black Life.” Vimeo, uploaded by gavinbrown, 2018. https://vimeo.com/274901100

"Artist Talk with Arthur Jafa: A Series of Utterly Improbable, Yet Extraordinary Renditions." The American Academy in Berlin, December 17, 2018. https://www.americanacademy.de/event/artist-talk-with-arthur-jafa-a-series-of-utterly-improbable-yet-extraordinary-renditions/

“Artist Talk: Arthur Jafa.” Vimeo, uploaded by Luma Foundation, December 15, 2018, https://vimeo.com/307286991

 “In Conversation: Arthur Jafa and Stephen Best.” Youtube, uploaded by BAMPFA, December 14, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcIBS015EIQ

“Therme Forum: ‘Back to the Body: Human-Oriented Forms in Art, Design, and Architecture’/ Presented by Therme Group.” Vimeo, uploaded by Therme Art, December 6, 2018. https://vimeo.com/310586856

“Arthur Jafa – APEX (Interview).” Youtube, uploaded by Luma Arles, September 18, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9KIiK5o5Uho

“Love is the Message: An Evening with Arthur Jafa.” Youtube, uploaded by Hirshorn, March 16, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOYd_IAPIe0

 “Arthur Jafa in Conversation with Amy Taubin.” Youtube, uploaded by SVA MFA Photo Video, January 25, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlqD21-a61Y

“Artist’s Influencers | Arthur Jafa and Jason Moran.” Youtube, uploaded by Art Basel, December 20, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlqD21-a61Y

“Black Peoples Funk – The Thing About…Art & Artists – Arthur Jafa.” Youtube, uploaded by The Thing About, December 13, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PNLTEMjAsp4

“Arthur Jafa on the works of Kahlil Joseph, with curator Natalie Bell.” New Museum, December 10, 2017. https://archive.newmuseum.org/videos/13557

“In Your Face: Interview – Arthur Jafa.” Youtube, uploaded by SHOWstudio, November 24, 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAk0dk0IAWw 

“Arthur Jafa Speaks about Black Artists.” Youtube, uploaded by Judith Benhamou-Huet Reports, November 22, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eIHG3plDLXA

“Artist Talk: Arthur Jafa.” Youtube, uploaded by Museaum of Contemporary Art Detroit – MOCAD, October 4, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fp5W9xUEtxI

“Kahlil Joseph & Arthur Jafa: In Conversation | Tate Talks.” Youtube, uploaded by Tate Talks, August 10, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otPECh1Q2xQ

“Arthur Jafa: A Series of Utterly Improbable, Yet Extraordinary Renditions.” Youtube, uploaded by Serpentine Galleries, July 5, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wtX1B-ioo8

“Arthur Jafa and Greg Tate.” Youtube, uploaded by Hammer Museum, July 5, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAYSXam1vOA

“Arthur Jafa and Helen Molesworth in Conversation.” Youtube, uploaded by MOCA, April 11, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpJ5UMEeSXY

“Arthur jafa – apex (extract).” Youtube, uploaded by advalt, February 10, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=imGskKiC_Z8 

“Kerry James Marshall—A Creative Convening, Morning Session.” The Met, January 20, 2017. https://www.metmuseum.org/metmedia/video/lectures/kerry-james-marshall-creative-convening-morning

“Dream are Colder than Death: Screening & Talk with Arthur Jafa.” BCRW, September 8, 2016. https://bcrw.barnard.edu/videos/dreams-are-colder-than-death-screening-talk-with-arthur-jafa/

“Arthur Jafa, APEX_TNEG, February 25, 2013.” Youtube, uploaded by MIT Program in Art, Culture and Technology, January 20, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUBm2_v5RUw  

“Arthur Jafa and Hans L. Charles - On Advancing A Black Aesthetic.” Youtube, uploaded by reelblack, October 26, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7Qmy6wtEOo

“bell hooks and Arthur Jafa discuss Transgression in Public Spaces at the New School.” Youtube, uploaded by The New School, October 16, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fe-7ILSKSog

Scholarship 

Jafa, Arthur. “69” In Black popular culture/ A Project by Michele Wallace. 249-254. Edited by Gina Dent. Seattle: Bay Press, 1992.

—-“Black Visual Intonation” in The Jazz Cadence of American Culture, 264-268. Edited by Robert G. O’Meally. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998

—-“La Venus Negre” Artforum International Vol. 30, no. 5 January (1992): 90-93

—-“Like Rashomon but Different: The New Black Cinema” Artforum International Vol. 31, no. 10 Summer (1993)

—-“My Black Death” In Everything but the burden: what white people are taking from Black culture, 245-257. Edited by Greg Tate. New York: Broadway Books, 2003.

Hessli, Peter interview with Arthur Jafa. “The Notion of Treatment: Black Aesthetics and Film” Diss. In Oscar Micheaux and His Circle, 12-18 and 226. Edited by Pearl Bowser, Jane Gaines and Charles Musser. Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2001

Marshall, Kerry James, Terrie Sultan, and Arthur Jafa. Kerry James Marshall. n.p.: New York : Harry N. Abrams, 2000